Understanding Your Asthma Prescription

Asthma prescriptions typically include two main types of medications: controller medications and rel[...]

Asthma prescriptions typically include two main types of medications: controller medications and reliever medications. Controller medications are taken daily, often via inhalers, pills, or injections, and are designed to reduce inflammation in the airways over time. Medications like inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are common controller drugs. They work by suppressing the immune response in the lungs, preventing the swelling and mucus production that can trigger asthma symptoms. Long – acting beta – agonists (LABAs) are sometimes combined with ICS in a single inhaler, providing both anti – inflammatory and bronchodilator effects to keep the airways open.​

Reliever medications, on the other hand, are used on an as – needed basis to quickly relieve acute asthma symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Short – acting beta – agonists (SABAs), like albuterol, are the most well – known reliever medications. They work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up and improve airflow. Understanding which medications in your prescription are controllers and which are relievers is essential, as using them incorrectly can lead to ineffective symptom management.​

Reading and Following Your Prescription Instructions​

Your asthma prescription will come with detailed instructions on how and when to take each medication. Pay close attention to the dosage, which is usually specified in micrograms (mcg) or milligrams (mg) for inhaled and oral medications, respectively. For inhalers, make sure you know the correct technique. This includes shaking the inhaler well before use, exhaling fully, placing the mouthpiece in your mouth, inhaling slowly and deeply while pressing down on the canister, and holding your breath for a few seconds to allow the medication to reach deep into your lungs.​

The frequency of taking medications is also important. Controller medications are often prescribed to be taken once or twice a day, at specific times, to maintain a consistent level of the drug in your system. Missing doses of controller medications can increase the risk of asthma attacks. Reliever medications should be used only when symptoms occur, but it\’s important not to overuse them. If you find yourself reaching for your reliever inhaler more frequently than usual, it could be a sign that your asthma is not well – controlled, and you should contact your healthcare provider.​

Potential Side Effects and Interactions​

Like all medications, those in your asthma prescription can have side effects. Inhaled corticosteroids may cause hoarseness, oral thrush (a fungal infection in the mouth), or a weakened immune system. Rinsing your mouth with water after using an ICS inhaler can help reduce the risk of these side effects. Short – acting beta – agonists can sometimes cause tremors, a rapid heartbeat, or nervousness, especially if used in high doses.​

It\’s also important to be aware of potential drug interactions. Inform your doctor about all the medications you\’re taking, including over – the – counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medications, such as beta – blockers used for high blood pressure or heart conditions, can interact with asthma medications and worsen your symptoms.​